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[[Image:2263259284 71cdff76c2 o.png|thumb|250px|A robotic dance instructor]]
[[Image:2263259284 71cdff76c2 o.png|thumb|250px|The [[Partner Ballroom Dance Robot|Partner Ballroom Dance Robot (PBDR)]] by [[Wikipedia:Tohoku University|Tohoku University]]'s Department of Bioengineering and Robotics are designed to anticipate and accompany their dance partners' movements.]]
A '''robot''' is an electromechanical device that performs work by itself or with direction based on its computer [[programming]] or microcircuitry.  Colloquially, the term often refers to a machine in humanoid form. When it is used this way, it is used as a catch-all term that can include specific definitions like [[android]], [[gynoid]] or [[fembot]].


When the word "robot" is used to describe a human-like character in TV, movies or other fiction, it is usually understood that this character is an android.
A '''robot''' is a machine capable of processing data or physical perceptions electronically, and carrying out a complex series of actions automatically and at least partly autonomously.


==Origin==
=Terminology=
The word was first introduced in the Czech play "R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots)", published in 1920. Author Karel Čapek attributed the creation of the word "robot" to his brother Josef.  The Czech word "robota" literally means "serf labor", and figuratively "drudgery" or "hard work", and also (more generally) "work", "labor" in many Slavic languages.
The word "robot" originates in Czech writer Karel Čapek's 1920 play [[Wikipedia:R.U.R.|''R.U.R.'']], ''Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti'' (Rossum's Universal Robots). While the robots featured in the play are artificial biological organisms, their mass-production in [[Wikipedia:Fordism|Fordist]] assembly lines and their use for unpleasant, repetitive labor has seen the term applied to mechanical automatons. The term "robot", attributed by Karel Čapek to his brother Josef, comes from the Czech word ''robota'', meaning "forced labor" or "serf labor".


==Examples in fiction==
Most robots' appearances and shapes depend on their use. [[Wikipedia:Industrial robot|Industrial robots]] used in assembly lines, for example, are articulated arms with tools specific to their functions at their end. [[Wikipedia:Humanoid robot|Humanoid robots]] are a subset of robots built to resemble the human body to various degrees. The words "[[Wikipedia:Android (robot)|android]]" and "[[Wikipedia:Gynoid|gynoid]]" come from the Greek language, and respectively mean "having the form or likeness of man" (as in male) and "having the form or likeness of woman", and have been used to describe robots with high degrees of resemblance to human beings. The male "android" has been widely accepted as gender-neutral, and applicable to both male and female-presenting robots.
{{Clear}}


==More examples==
"[[Fembot]]" is a [[Wikipedia:Portmanteau|portmanteau]] of the words "female" and "robot", first appearing in the three-parts 1976 crossover episodes "Kill Oscar" of the ''[[Gallery/The Bionic Woman|The Bionic Woman]]'' and ''[[Wikipedia:The Six Million Dollar Man|The Six Million Dollar Man]]'' TV shows. The word describes a built to resemble a human woman. "[[Wikipedia:Droid (Star Wars)|Droid]]", a truncated form of "android", may be seen used in pop culture. Originating from the 1977 science-fiction film ''[[Wikipedia:Star Wars (film)|Star Wars]]'', the expression was trademarked the same year by [[Wikipedia:Lucasfilm|Lucasfilm Ltd. LLC]], and as such may not be used without the company's permission.
 
While [[Wikipedia:Animatronics|animatronics]] are machines seemingly similar to robots, and even sometimes androids and gynoids, they are distinct in that they are intended to reproduce preset moves and prerecorded sounds, without reacting to their environment.
 
=Gallery=
<gallery>
<gallery>
Image:AILA01 01.jpg
File:Actroid-DER 01.jpg|The [[Actroid photos|Actroid]] line of robots display a high degree of resemblance to human beings, and is considered one of the first real-life androids.
Image:2.jpga362a7e8-57a5-4cbd-a1b4-22b2f6db29b3Large.jpg
File:Kill Oscar - Fembot 006.jpg|One of the fictional [[Fembot|fembots]] from the 1976 ''[[Gallery/The Bionic Woman|The Bionic Woman]]'' TV show, which coined the term.
Image:T280119-Animatronic head-SPL.jpg
Image:Hrp4 p1510858.jpg
Image:0d71 3.JPG
Image:Ursula.jpg
Image:Kobe p1440362.jpg
Image:Karen robot wife by theboneyard-d2y7dl7.jpg
Image:American-mcgee-presents-scrapland-20041011095207934.jpg
</gallery>
</gallery>
=External links=
*[[Wikipedia:Robot|Robot]] on Wikipedia


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[[Category:Terminology]]
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Latest revision as of 17:40, 27 May 2020

The Partner Ballroom Dance Robot (PBDR) by Tohoku University's Department of Bioengineering and Robotics are designed to anticipate and accompany their dance partners' movements.

A robot is a machine capable of processing data or physical perceptions electronically, and carrying out a complex series of actions automatically and at least partly autonomously.

Terminology

The word "robot" originates in Czech writer Karel Čapek's 1920 play R.U.R., Rossumovi Univerzální Roboti (Rossum's Universal Robots). While the robots featured in the play are artificial biological organisms, their mass-production in Fordist assembly lines and their use for unpleasant, repetitive labor has seen the term applied to mechanical automatons. The term "robot", attributed by Karel Čapek to his brother Josef, comes from the Czech word robota, meaning "forced labor" or "serf labor".

Most robots' appearances and shapes depend on their use. Industrial robots used in assembly lines, for example, are articulated arms with tools specific to their functions at their end. Humanoid robots are a subset of robots built to resemble the human body to various degrees. The words "android" and "gynoid" come from the Greek language, and respectively mean "having the form or likeness of man" (as in male) and "having the form or likeness of woman", and have been used to describe robots with high degrees of resemblance to human beings. The male "android" has been widely accepted as gender-neutral, and applicable to both male and female-presenting robots.

"Fembot" is a portmanteau of the words "female" and "robot", first appearing in the three-parts 1976 crossover episodes "Kill Oscar" of the The Bionic Woman and The Six Million Dollar Man TV shows. The word describes a built to resemble a human woman. "Droid", a truncated form of "android", may be seen used in pop culture. Originating from the 1977 science-fiction film Star Wars, the expression was trademarked the same year by Lucasfilm Ltd. LLC, and as such may not be used without the company's permission.

While animatronics are machines seemingly similar to robots, and even sometimes androids and gynoids, they are distinct in that they are intended to reproduce preset moves and prerecorded sounds, without reacting to their environment.

Gallery

External links

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